Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. Every autistic child is unique, which is why understanding autism from multiple angles—biology, behavior, and daily support—is essential.
This guide explains what causes autism, how it is diagnosed, and which evidence-based strategies may help improve quality of life.
What Causes Autism?
Autism does not have a single cause. Research suggests it develops through a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors.
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Genetics: Approximately 20% of autistic individuals have a family history of similar characteristics. Certain genetic variations may increase the likelihood of ASD traits.
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Environmental factors: Prenatal infections, nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy, preterm birth, or birth complications may influence early brain development.
- Neurobiology: Autism is part of neurodiversity. Differences in brain regions involved in emotion, memory, and decision-making may appear early in development.
How Is Autism Diagnosed?
Autism is diagnosed using the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, which focus on two core areas:
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Difficulties in social communication and interaction, such as challenges with social reciprocity, emotional understanding, and relationship-building
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Restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests, including repetitive movements, rigid routines, or strong resistance to change
- Parent-Led Early Screening
Children as young as 18 months can undergo parent-led screening to help identify early signs of autism.
If parents notice developmental or behavioral differences, they may consider using age-appropriate screening tools before seeking a professional diagnosis:
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Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT)
For children aged 18–24 months
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Autism Spectrum Quotient – Child Version (AQ-10)
For children aged 4–11 years
These screening tools are not diagnostic, but they can help determine whether a formal professional evaluation is recommended.
- Professional & Multidisciplinary Evaluation
For a comprehensive assessment, a multidisciplinary evaluation which involves professionals such as clinical psychologists, speech therapists, and occupational therapists, is often recommended.
This approach provides a deeper understanding of a child’s strengths, challenges, and support needs, helping families develop more personalized intervention plans.
Social and Behavioral Characteristics of Autistic Children
Autism affects children in different ways, but it commonly influences social interaction, communication, and behavior.
- Social interaction challenges: limited eye contact, reduced facial expressions, and difficulty with back-and-forth interaction, less likely to spontaneously share interests or emotions with peers.
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Communication difference: struggle to use or interpret gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, or implied meanings
- Repetitive behaviors and strong routines:rigid habits, focused interests, sensitivity to environmental changes
Early recognition allows for timely support and early intervention.
Ways to Support Autistic Children
Autism cannot be “cured,” but supportive strategies can help children build skills and manage challenges.
1. Behavioral Therapy
This type of support focuses on reinforcing positive behaviors and reducing behaviors that interfere with learning or daily functioning. Common approaches include:
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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
- TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication-Related Handicapped Children)
Psychological well-being is equally important. Supportive therapies such as play therapy, music therapy, and art therapy provide emotional expression and may help reduce stress and anxiety.
2. Medication (When clinically indicated)
Currently, there is no medication that can cure autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or all of its symptoms. But some medications can help treat certain symptoms associated with ASD, especially certain behaviors.
Some autistic children may experience co-occurring conditions such as hyperactivity or anxiety. In certain cases, physicians may prescribe medications, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers based on individual clinical needs.
3. Nutritional Support
Some autistic children may have deficiencies in nutrients such as vitamin B6 or magnesium, which may affect mood and behavior.
Special dietary approaches, such as gluten-free or casein-free diets, are sometimes used to address gastrointestinal discomfort, though outcomes vary. Any dietary plan should be discussed with qualified nutrition professionals.
Emerging support by Psychobiotic
Emerging research highlights the important role of the gut–brain axis in emotional regulation and neurodevelopment. This two-way communication system connects the gut and brain through neural, immune, and hormonal pathways, influencing mood, behavior, and cognitive function.
Certain psychobiotic probiotics, such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128™, have been studied for their ability to support nervous system balance through gut–brain communication.
Research suggests PS128™ may help:
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Support emotional regulation
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Improve social engagement
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Reduce repetitive behaviors
Neuralli™ MP - Gut–Brain Support for Autistic Individuals
Neuralli™ MP is a gut–brain support probiotic specifically formulated with 60 billion CFU of PS128™. It is designed to help support gut–brain balance and the regulation of key neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which play important roles in mood, focus, and emotional stability.
Made with natural ingredients and free from common allergens, Neuralli™ MP is suitable for children aged 3 years and above, under appropriate professional guidance.
Key Takeaway
Autism Spectrum Disorder requires a holistic, individualized approach. With early diagnosis, professional guidance, family support, and evidence-based strategies—including behavioral therapy, psychological care, nutrition, and gut–brain support—autistic children can thrive and improve their quality of life.
