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Published peer-reviewed research on PS128 and HT-PS23

Clinical studies in people without diagnosed neurological conditions

Psychological Stress

L. plantarum PS128 improved sleep quality in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of self-reported insomniacs

L. plantarum PS128 alleviated stress and improved sleep in a single-arm pilot study of highly-stressed IT specialists

HT-PS23 improved “state anxiety”, job satisfaction, and blood cortisol in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of highly stressed nurses

Physical Stress

L. plantarum PS128 helped recreational runners recover better, achieve faster split times, and increase lower leg strength

Differences in the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in triathletes taking L. plantarum PS128

L. plantarum PS128 improved oxidative stress, exercise performance, and serum BCAA levels in triathletes

Heat-treated Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 accelerated strength improvement after an intense strength workout

Preclinical Studies

Brain Function

L. plantarum PS128 regulated levels of dopamine in the brain in rats

PS128 enhanced dopamine and BDNF in the brain in mice

PS128 regulated dopamine and serotonin levels, improved anxiety-like behaviors in germ-free mice

PS128 lowered anxious behaviors and regulated related brain dopamine and serotonin in mice

Heat treated Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 reduced stress hormone and affected dopamine metabolism in early-life stressed mice.

Heat-treated L. paracasei PS23 affected dopamine levels and stress-related behaviors in mice

Digestive and Immune Function

L. plantarum PS128 ameliorated gastrointestinal hypersensitivity and biomarkers of stress response in rats

PS128 increased gut motility and intestinal serotonin in mice

Heat-treated L. paracasei PS23 helped to strengthen the intestinal barrier in vitro and in vivo

Safety

L. plantarum PS128 did not induce adverse effects in a battery of tests and passed standard safety tests

L. paracasei PS23 did not induce adverse effects in a battery of tests and passed standard safety tests